???????

?????????????????????????????д?????????????????????????????

?汾?

??10.1 ???????????汾?

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: backup_ver1.py

import os
import time

# 1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list.
source = ['/home/swaroop/byte', '/home/swaroop/bin']
# If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that

# 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory
target_dir = '/mnt/e/backup/' # Remember to change this to what you will be using

# 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
# 4. The name of the zip archive is the current date and time
target = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') + '.zip'

# 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive
zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))

# Run the backup
if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
    print 'Successful backup to', target
else:
    print 'Backup FAILED'

????????code/backup_ver1.py??

???

$ python backup_ver1.py
Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208073244.zip

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????е? 覴? ????????

????ι???

???????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??

?????????os??time??飬??????????????????????????source?б??????????????????????????????????????洢?????????????????target_dir?????????zip?鵵???????????????????????????time.strftime()??????á?????????.zip?????????????????target_dir???С?

time.strftime()???????????????????????????????????%Y???????????????????%m??01??12?????????????·???????????????????????Щ??????????????????Python?ο?????л?á???Python?ο?????????????Python???а??С??????Щ??????????print????????%????????飩?????????????????

??????ü?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????μ???????????????????????????????zip???????????????????????zip_command?????????????????????е????��???????shell??Linux??????DOS???????????????????????????????

zip???????Щ?????????-q??????????zip????????????????-r?????zip?????????????????????????????????????е??????????????????????д???-qr??????????????????zip?鵵????????????????????????????б???????????????????????join??????source?б????????????

??????????os.system???? ???? ?????????????????????? ?? ???????????????????shell????????????????????????У???????0?????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??Windows????????
??????source?б??target?????ó??κ??????????????????Windows?????С???Щ????????Windows???б???\???????????????Python?÷?б??????????
??????????????????????б????????????????????????磬???'C:\\Documents'??r'C:\Documents'??????'C:\Documents'?????????????????????????\D??

????????????????????????????????????????????κ??????????????????????????????????Linux/Unix?????????????????е??????????????????κε???κ???????б??????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????磬??????Щ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡???????????????????????

?汾??

??????汾??????????????????????????????Щ?????????????????????????б????á??????????????????

?????????????????????????????????? ??? ????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????С????????????????????????????????洢?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????п??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??10.2 ???????????汾??

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: backup_ver2.py

import os
import time

# 1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list.
source = ['/home/swaroop/byte', '/home/swaroop/bin']
# If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that

# 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory
target_dir = '/mnt/e/backup/' # Remember to change this to what you will be using

# 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
# 4. The current day is the name of the subdirectory in the main directory
today = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
# The current time is the name of the zip archive
now = time.strftime('%H%M%S')

# Create the subdirectory if it isn't already there
if not os.path.exists(today):
    os.mkdir(today) # make directory
    print 'Successfully created directory', today

# The name of the zip file
target = today + os.sep + now + '.zip'

# 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive
zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))

# Run the backup
if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
    print 'Successful backup to', target
else:
    print 'Backup FAILED'

????????code/backup_ver2.py??

???

$ python backup_ver2.py
Successfully created directory /mnt/e/backup/20041208
Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208/080020.zip

$ python backup_ver2.py
Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208/080428.zip

????ι???

???????????????????????????????????os.exists??????????????????????????????????????????????????У????????os.mkdir??????????

???os.sep???????÷???????????????????????????????????Linux??Unix??????'/'????Windows??????'\\'??????Mac OS??????':'?????os.sep???????????????????????????????????????????????Щ???1?????

?汾??

??????汾????????????????????ò????????????м?????????????????????????????????????????????????磬??????????????????????Щ????????????????????Щ?????zip?鵵?????????????????????????zip?鵵???????????????????????????????

??10.3 ???????????汾??????????????

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: backup_ver3.py

import os
import time

# 1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list.
source = ['/home/swaroop/byte', '/home/swaroop/bin']
# If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that

# 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory
target_dir = '/mnt/e/backup/' # Remember to change this to what you will be using

# 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
# 4. The current day is the name of the subdirectory in the main directory
today = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
# The current time is the name of the zip archive
now = time.strftime('%H%M%S')

# Take a comment from the user to create the name of the zip file
comment = raw_input('Enter a comment --> ')
if len(comment) == 0: # check if a comment was entered
    target = today + os.sep + now + '.zip'
else:
    target = today + os.sep + now + '_' +
        comment.replace(' ', '_') + '.zip'

# Create the subdirectory if it isn't already there
if not os.path.exists(today):
    os.mkdir(today) # make directory
    print 'Successfully created directory', today

# 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive
zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))

# Run the backup
if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
    print 'Successful backup to', target
else:
    print 'Backup FAILED'

????????code/backup_ver3.py??

???

$ python backup_ver3.py
File "backup_ver3.py", line 25
target = today + os.sep + now + '_' +
                                ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

????Σ?????????

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????????????????????????б???????????????У??????????????????????????????????????С????????Python????????????????????????????????κβ?????????????????????μ????????????????????????β???б??????????????????????м?????????????????????????????????

?汾??

??10.4 ???????????汾??

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: backup_ver4.py

import os
import time

# 1. The files and directories to be backed up are specified in a list.
source = ['/home/swaroop/byte', '/home/swaroop/bin']
# If you are using Windows, use source = [r'C:\Documents', r'D:\Work'] or something like that

# 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup directory
target_dir = '/mnt/e/backup/' # Remember to change this to what you will be using

# 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
# 4. The current day is the name of the subdirectory in the main directory
today = target_dir + time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
# The current time is the name of the zip archive
now = time.strftime('%H%M%S')

# Take a comment from the user to create the name of the zip file
comment = raw_input('Enter a comment --> ')
if len(comment) == 0: # check if a comment was entered
    target = today + os.sep + now + '.zip'
else:
    target = today + os.sep + now + '_' + \
        comment.replace(' ', '_') + '.zip'
    # Notice the backslash!

# Create the subdirectory if it isn't already there
if not os.path.exists(today):
    os.mkdir(today) # make directory
    print 'Successfully created directory', today

# 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the files in a zip archive
zip_command = "zip -qr '%s' %s" % (target, ' '.join(source))

# Run the backup
if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
    print 'Successful backup to', target
else:
    print 'Backup FAILED'

????????code/backup_ver4.py??

???

$ python backup_ver4.py
Enter a comment --> added new examples
Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208/082156_added_new_examples.zip

$ python backup_ver4.py
Enter a comment -->
Successful backup to /mnt/e/backup/20041208/082316.zip

????ι???

??????????????????????????°汾??????????????????????????raw_input??????????????????????len???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????zip?鵵????????.zip?????????????????????е????滻???????????????????????????????????????

????????

??????????????????????汾?????????????????????????????н??????????????磬???????????а??? ???? ?????????????-v?????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????sys.argv?б????????????????????????list??????extend????????????source?б??????

???????е????????????tar???????zip???��??????????????????????????tar??gzip?????????????????С????????????Windows???????Щ?鵵??WinZip????????????Щ.tar.gz?????tar??????????Linux/Unix???ж???????????Windows???????????????????

???????????????????

tar = 'tar -cvzf %s %s -X /home/swaroop/excludes.txt' % (target, ' '.join(srcdir))

?????????￡?

• -c???????????鵵??

• -v????????????????????????

• -z??????gzip???????

• -f???????????鵵????????????????????????????滻??

• -X????????????????б??е????????????????????磬???????????????*~?????????????????????~??β???????

???
????????????Щ?鵵????????????zipfile??tarfile????????Python?????????????????????á??????Щ???????????os.system???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????os.system?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????