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            Weak Cryptographic Hash: Hardcoded Salt

            ABSTRACT

            Hardcoded salt 會削弱系統安全性,一旦出現安全問題將無法輕易修正。

            EXPLANATION

            采用硬編碼處理 salt 絕非一個好方法。這不僅是因為所有項目開發人員都可以使用 hardcoded salt 來查看該 salt,而且還會使解決這一問題變得極其困難。一旦將該代碼投入生產,則無法輕易更改該 salt。如果攻擊者知道該 salt 的值,他們就可以計算出該應用程序的彩虹表以及更輕松地反轉散列值。


            例 1:下列代碼使用了 hardcoded salt:


            ...
            Encryptor instance = ESAPI.encryptor();
            String hash1 = instance.hash(input, "HereComesTheSalt...");
            ...


            該代碼可以正常運行,但是任何有該代碼權限的人都能得到這個 salt。一旦程序發布,將無法回頭更改名為 "HereComesTheSalt..." 的 salt。心懷不軌的雇員可以利用手中掌握的信息訪問權限入侵系統。更糟的是,如果攻擊者能夠訪問應用程序的字節代碼,那么他們就可以利用 javap -c 命令訪問已經過反匯編的代碼,而在這些代碼中恰恰包含著用戶使用過的 salt 值。

            REFERENCES

            [1] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 - (OWASP 2010) A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

            [2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 - (OWASP 2007) A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

            [3] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 - (OWASP 2004) A8 Insecure Storage

            [4] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3 - (STIG 3) APP3150.1 CAT II

            [5] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 - (STIG 3.4) APP3150.1 CAT II

            [6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration - (CWE) CWE ID 326

            [7] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 - (WASC 24 + 2) Information Leakage

            [8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 - (FISMA) MP

            [9] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 - (SANS Top 25 2011) Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759

            [10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 - (PCI 1.2) Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8

            [11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 - (PCI 2.0) Requirement 6.5.3

            [12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 - (PCI 1.1) Requirement 6.5.8


            Copyright 2013 Fortify Software - All rights reserved.
            (Generated from version 2013.1.1.0008 of the Fortify Secure Coding Rulepacks)
            desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt

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