函數這個概念也許承載了太多的信息量,不過別擔心。只要堅持做這些練習,對照上個練習中的檢查點檢查一遍這次的聯系,你最終會明白這些內容的。
有一個你可能沒有注意到的細節,我們現在強調一下:函數里邊的變量和腳本里邊的變量之間是沒有連接的。下面的這個練習可以讓你對這一點有更多的思考:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | def cheese_and_crackers(cheese_count, boxes_of_crackers):
print "You have %d cheeses!" % cheese_count
print "You have %d boxes of crackers!" % boxes_of_crackers
print "Man that's enough for a party!"
print "Get a blanket.\n"
print "We can just give the function numbers directly:"
cheese_and_crackers(20, 30)
print "OR, we can use variables from our script:"
amount_of_cheese = 10
amount_of_crackers = 50
cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese, amount_of_crackers)
print "We can even do math inside too:"
cheese_and_crackers(10 + 20, 5 + 6)
print "And we can combine the two, variables and math:"
cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese + 100, amount_of_crackers + 1000)
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通過這個練習,你看到我們給我們的函數 cheese_and_crackers 很多的參數,然后在函數里把它們打印出來。我們可以在函數里用變量名,我們可以在函數里做運算,我們甚至可以將變量和運算結合起來。
從一方面來說,函數的參數和我們的生成變量時用的 = 賦值符類似。事實上,如果一個物件你可以用 = 將其命名,你通常也可以將其作為參數傳遞給一個函數。
你應該研究一下腳本的輸出,和你想象的結果對比一下看有什么不同。
$ python ex19.py
We can just give the function numbers directly:
You have 20 cheeses!
You have 30 boxes of crackers!
Man that's enough for a party!
Get a blanket.
OR, we can use variables from our script:
You have 10 cheeses!
You have 50 boxes of crackers!
Man that's enough for a party!
Get a blanket.
We can even do math inside too:
You have 30 cheeses!
You have 11 boxes of crackers!
Man that's enough for a party!
Get a blanket.
And we can combine the two, variables and math:
You have 110 cheeses!
You have 1050 boxes of crackers!
Man that's enough for a party!
Get a blanket.
$